diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 22a4cb6..e3f456e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -199,7 +199,12 @@ Please refer to
   - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc.py)
   - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp.py)
   - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram.py)
-  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_frame_extraction_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_frame_extraction_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mel_bank_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mel_bank_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_fbank_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_fbank_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram_options.py)
+  - [kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp_options.py](kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp_options.py)
 
 for more examples.
 
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/CMakeLists.txt b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/CMakeLists.txt
index bd1ef25..affb69c 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ pybind11_add_module(_kaldifeat
   feature-window.cc
   kaldifeat.cc
   mel-computations.cc
+  utils.cc
 )
 target_link_libraries(_kaldifeat PRIVATE kaldifeat_core)
 if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-fbank.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-fbank.cc
index 1cca393..8d8e8f0 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-fbank.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-fbank.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-fbank.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -33,7 +34,12 @@ static void PybindFbankOptions(py::module &m) {
             self.device = torch::Device(s);
           })
       .def("__str__",
-           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); });
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); })
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> py::dict { return AsDict(self); })
+      .def_static("from_dict", [](py::dict dict) -> PyClass {
+        return FbankOptionsFromDict(dict);
+      });
 }
 
 static void PybindFbank(py::module &m) {
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-mfcc.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-mfcc.cc
index 2d48481..b43930c 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-mfcc.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-mfcc.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-mfcc.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -33,7 +34,12 @@ void PybindMfccOptions(py::module &m) {
             self.device = torch::Device(s);
           })
       .def("__str__",
-           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); });
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); })
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> py::dict { return AsDict(self); })
+      .def_static("from_dict", [](py::dict dict) -> PyClass {
+        return MfccOptionsFromDict(dict);
+      });
 }
 
 static void PybindMfcc(py::module &m) {
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-plp.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-plp.cc
index d80ea03..ef68e2c 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-plp.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-plp.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-plp.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -36,7 +37,12 @@ void PybindPlpOptions(py::module &m) {
             self.device = torch::Device(s);
           })
       .def("__str__",
-           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); });
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); })
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> py::dict { return AsDict(self); })
+      .def_static("from_dict", [](py::dict dict) -> PyClass {
+        return PlpOptionsFromDict(dict);
+      });
 }
 
 static void PybindPlp(py::module &m) {
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-spectrogram.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-spectrogram.cc
index ef39338..f752ebe 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-spectrogram.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-spectrogram.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-spectrogram.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -30,7 +31,12 @@ static void PybindSpectrogramOptions(py::module &m) {
             self.device = torch::Device(s);
           })
       .def("__str__",
-           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); });
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); })
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> py::dict { return AsDict(self); })
+      .def_static("from_dict", [](py::dict dict) -> PyClass {
+        return SpectrogramOptionsFromDict(dict);
+      });
 }
 
 static void PybindSpectrogram(py::module &m) {
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-window.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-window.cc
index 5d76688..81cc275 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-window.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/feature-window.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-window.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -26,6 +27,14 @@ static void PybindFrameExtractionOptions(py::module &m) {
                      &FrameExtractionOptions::round_to_power_of_two)
       .def_readwrite("blackman_coeff", &FrameExtractionOptions::blackman_coeff)
       .def_readwrite("snip_edges", &FrameExtractionOptions::snip_edges)
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const FrameExtractionOptions &self) -> py::dict {
+             return AsDict(self);
+           })
+      .def_static("from_dict",
+                  [](py::dict dict) -> FrameExtractionOptions {
+                    return FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(dict);
+                  })
 #if 0
       .def_readwrite("allow_downsample",
                      &FrameExtractionOptions::allow_downsample)
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/mel-computations.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/mel-computations.cc
index 572f0ba..77e692b 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/mel-computations.cc
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/mel-computations.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "kaldifeat/csrc/mel-computations.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
 
 namespace kaldifeat {
 
@@ -22,7 +23,12 @@ static void PybindMelBanksOptions(py::module &m) {
       .def_readwrite("debug_mel", &PyClass::debug_mel)
       .def_readwrite("htk_mode", &PyClass::htk_mode)
       .def("__str__",
-           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); });
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> std::string { return self.ToString(); })
+      .def("as_dict",
+           [](const PyClass &self) -> py::dict { return AsDict(self); })
+      .def_static("from_dict", [](py::dict dict) -> PyClass {
+        return MelBanksOptionsFromDict(dict);
+      });
 }
 
 void PybindMelComputations(py::module &m) { PybindMelBanksOptions(m); }
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.cc b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76f47aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.cc
+//
+// Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-window.h"
+
+#define FROM_DICT(type, key)         \
+  if (dict.contains(#key)) {         \
+    opts.key = py::type(dict[#key]); \
+  }
+
+#define AS_DICT(key) dict[#key] = opts.key
+
+namespace kaldifeat {
+
+FrameExtractionOptions FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  FrameExtractionOptions opts;
+
+  FROM_DICT(float_, samp_freq);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, frame_shift_ms);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, frame_length_ms);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, dither);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, preemph_coeff);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, remove_dc_offset);
+  FROM_DICT(str, window_type);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, round_to_power_of_two);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, blackman_coeff);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, snip_edges);
+
+  return opts;
+}
+
+py::dict AsDict(const FrameExtractionOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  AS_DICT(samp_freq);
+  AS_DICT(frame_shift_ms);
+  AS_DICT(frame_length_ms);
+  AS_DICT(dither);
+  AS_DICT(preemph_coeff);
+  AS_DICT(remove_dc_offset);
+  AS_DICT(window_type);
+  AS_DICT(round_to_power_of_two);
+  AS_DICT(blackman_coeff);
+  AS_DICT(snip_edges);
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+MelBanksOptions MelBanksOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  MelBanksOptions opts;
+
+  FROM_DICT(int_, num_bins);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, low_freq);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, high_freq);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, vtln_low);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, vtln_high);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, debug_mel);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, htk_mode);
+
+  return opts;
+}
+py::dict AsDict(const MelBanksOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  AS_DICT(num_bins);
+  AS_DICT(low_freq);
+  AS_DICT(high_freq);
+  AS_DICT(vtln_low);
+  AS_DICT(vtln_high);
+  AS_DICT(debug_mel);
+  AS_DICT(htk_mode);
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+FbankOptions FbankOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  FbankOptions opts;
+
+  if (dict.contains("frame_opts")) {
+    opts.frame_opts = FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(dict["frame_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  if (dict.contains("mel_opts")) {
+    opts.mel_opts = MelBanksOptionsFromDict(dict["mel_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, use_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, energy_floor);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, raw_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, htk_compat);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, use_log_fbank);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, use_power);
+
+  if (dict.contains("device")) {
+    opts.device = torch::Device(std::string(py::str(dict["device"])));
+  }
+
+  return opts;
+}
+
+py::dict AsDict(const FbankOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  dict["frame_opts"] = AsDict(opts.frame_opts);
+  dict["mel_opts"] = AsDict(opts.mel_opts);
+  AS_DICT(use_energy);
+  AS_DICT(energy_floor);
+  AS_DICT(raw_energy);
+  AS_DICT(htk_compat);
+  AS_DICT(use_log_fbank);
+  AS_DICT(use_power);
+
+  auto torch_device = py::module_::import("torch").attr("device");
+  dict["device"] = torch_device(opts.device.str());
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+MfccOptions MfccOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  MfccOptions opts;
+
+  if (dict.contains("frame_opts")) {
+    opts.frame_opts = FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(dict["frame_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  if (dict.contains("mel_opts")) {
+    opts.mel_opts = MelBanksOptionsFromDict(dict["mel_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  FROM_DICT(int_, num_ceps);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, use_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, energy_floor);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, raw_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, cepstral_lifter);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, htk_compat);
+
+  if (dict.contains("device")) {
+    opts.device = torch::Device(std::string(py::str(dict["device"])));
+  }
+
+  return opts;
+}
+
+py::dict AsDict(const MfccOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  dict["frame_opts"] = AsDict(opts.frame_opts);
+  dict["mel_opts"] = AsDict(opts.mel_opts);
+
+  AS_DICT(num_ceps);
+  AS_DICT(use_energy);
+  AS_DICT(energy_floor);
+  AS_DICT(raw_energy);
+  AS_DICT(cepstral_lifter);
+  AS_DICT(htk_compat);
+
+  auto torch_device = py::module_::import("torch").attr("device");
+  dict["device"] = torch_device(opts.device.str());
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+SpectrogramOptions SpectrogramOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  SpectrogramOptions opts;
+
+  if (dict.contains("frame_opts")) {
+    opts.frame_opts = FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(dict["frame_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  FROM_DICT(float_, energy_floor);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, raw_energy);
+  // FROM_DICT(bool_, return_raw_fft);
+
+  if (dict.contains("device")) {
+    opts.device = torch::Device(std::string(py::str(dict["device"])));
+  }
+
+  return opts;
+}
+
+py::dict AsDict(const SpectrogramOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  dict["frame_opts"] = AsDict(opts.frame_opts);
+
+  AS_DICT(energy_floor);
+  AS_DICT(raw_energy);
+
+  auto torch_device = py::module_::import("torch").attr("device");
+  dict["device"] = torch_device(opts.device.str());
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+PlpOptions PlpOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict) {
+  PlpOptions opts;
+
+  if (dict.contains("frame_opts")) {
+    opts.frame_opts = FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(dict["frame_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  if (dict.contains("mel_opts")) {
+    opts.mel_opts = MelBanksOptionsFromDict(dict["mel_opts"]);
+  }
+
+  FROM_DICT(int_, lpc_order);
+  FROM_DICT(int_, num_ceps);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, use_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, energy_floor);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, raw_energy);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, compress_factor);
+  FROM_DICT(int_, cepstral_lifter);
+  FROM_DICT(float_, cepstral_scale);
+  FROM_DICT(bool_, htk_compat);
+
+  if (dict.contains("device")) {
+    opts.device = torch::Device(std::string(py::str(dict["device"])));
+  }
+
+  return opts;
+}
+
+py::dict AsDict(const PlpOptions &opts) {
+  py::dict dict;
+
+  dict["frame_opts"] = AsDict(opts.frame_opts);
+  dict["mel_opts"] = AsDict(opts.mel_opts);
+
+  AS_DICT(lpc_order);
+  AS_DICT(num_ceps);
+  AS_DICT(use_energy);
+  AS_DICT(energy_floor);
+  AS_DICT(raw_energy);
+  AS_DICT(compress_factor);
+  AS_DICT(cepstral_lifter);
+  AS_DICT(cepstral_scale);
+  AS_DICT(htk_compat);
+
+  auto torch_device = py::module_::import("torch").attr("device");
+  dict["device"] = torch_device(opts.device.str());
+
+  return dict;
+}
+
+#undef FROM_DICT
+#undef AS_DICT
+
+}  // namespace kaldifeat
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472d7c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// kaldifeat/python/csrc/utils.h
+//
+// Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+#ifndef KALDIFEAT_PYTHON_CSRC_UTILS_H_
+#define KALDIFEAT_PYTHON_CSRC_UTILS_H_
+
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-fbank.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-mfcc.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-plp.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-spectrogram.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/feature-window.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/csrc/mel-computations.h"
+#include "kaldifeat/python/csrc/kaldifeat.h"
+
+/*
+ * This file contains code about `from_dict` and
+ * `to_dict` for various options in kaldifeat.
+ *
+ * Regarding `from_dict`, users don't need to provide
+ * all the fields in the options. If some fields
+ * are not provided, it just uses the default one.
+ *
+ * If the provided dict in `from_dict` is empty,
+ * all fields use their default values.
+ */
+
+namespace kaldifeat {
+
+FrameExtractionOptions FrameExtractionOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const FrameExtractionOptions &opts);
+
+MelBanksOptions MelBanksOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const MelBanksOptions &opts);
+
+FbankOptions FbankOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const FbankOptions &opts);
+
+MfccOptions MfccOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const MfccOptions &opts);
+
+SpectrogramOptions SpectrogramOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const SpectrogramOptions &opts);
+
+PlpOptions PlpOptionsFromDict(py::dict dict);
+py::dict AsDict(const PlpOptions &opts);
+
+}  // namespace kaldifeat
+
+#endif  // KALDIFEAT_PYTHON_CSRC_UTILS_H_
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/kaldifeat/python/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 9961b14..4ccc891 100644
--- a/kaldifeat/python/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@ endfunction()
 # please sort the files in alphabetic order
 set(py_test_files
   test_fbank.py
+  test_fbank_options.py
+  test_frame_extraction_options.py
+  test_mel_bank_options.py
   test_mfcc.py
+  test_mfcc_options.py
   test_plp.py
+  test_plp_options.py
   test_spectrogram.py
-  test_options.py
+  test_spectrogram_options.py
 )
 
 foreach(source IN LISTS py_test_files)
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_fbank_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_fbank_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..fb00054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_fbank_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+
+import torch
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 16000
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 10.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 25.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 1.0
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff - 0.97) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is True
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "povey"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is True
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff - 0.42) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is True
+
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 23
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 20
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 0
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -500
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is False
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is False
+
+    assert opts.use_energy is False
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 0.0
+    assert opts.raw_energy is True
+    assert opts.htk_compat is False
+    assert opts.use_log_fbank is True
+    assert opts.use_power is True
+    assert opts.device.type == "cpu"
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+    opts.use_energy = True
+    assert opts.use_energy is True
+
+    opts.energy_floor = 1
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 1
+
+    opts.raw_energy = False
+    assert opts.raw_energy is False
+
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+
+    opts.use_log_fbank = False
+    assert opts.use_log_fbank is False
+
+    opts.use_power = False
+    assert opts.use_power is False
+
+    opts.device = torch.device("cuda", 1)
+    assert opts.device.type == "cuda"
+    assert opts.device.index == 1
+
+
+def test_set_get_frame_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 44100
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 44100
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 20.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 20.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 1
+
+    opts.frame_opts.dither = 0.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 0.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.window_type = "hanning"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.snip_edges = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is False
+
+
+def test_set_get_mel_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.low_freq = 22
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 22
+
+    opts.mel_opts.high_freq = 1
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 1
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_low = 101
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 101
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_high = -100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.debug_mel = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is True
+
+    opts.mel_opts.htk_mode = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is True
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {
+        "energy_floor": 10.5,
+        "htk_compat": True,
+        "mel_opts": {"num_bins": 80, "vtln_low": 1},
+        "frame_opts": {"window_type": "hanning"},
+    }
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 10.5
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 80
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d["mel_opts"])
+    assert str(opts.mel_opts) == str(mel_opts)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    assert d["htk_compat"] is True
+    assert d["mel_opts"]["num_bins"] == 80
+    assert d["frame_opts"]["samp_freq"] == 10
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    assert d["mel_opts"] == mel_opts.as_dict()
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+    assert d["frame_opts"] == frame_opts.as_dict()
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.FbankOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["htk_compat"] = False
+    d["device"] = torch.device("cuda", 2)
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.FbankOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.htk_compat is False
+    assert opts3.device == torch.device("cuda", 2)
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_set_get_frame_opts()
+    test_set_get_mel_opts()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_frame_extraction_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_frame_extraction_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4fa90d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_frame_extraction_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    assert opts.samp_freq == 16000
+    assert opts.frame_shift_ms == 10.0
+    assert opts.frame_length_ms == 25.0
+    assert opts.dither == 1.0
+    assert abs(opts.preemph_coeff - 0.97) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.remove_dc_offset is True
+    assert opts.window_type == "povey"
+    assert opts.round_to_power_of_two is True
+    assert abs(opts.blackman_coeff - 0.42) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.snip_edges is True
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    opts.samp_freq = 44100
+    assert opts.samp_freq == 44100
+
+    opts.frame_shift_ms = 20.5
+    assert opts.frame_shift_ms == 20.5
+
+    opts.frame_length_ms = 1
+    assert opts.frame_length_ms == 1
+
+    opts.dither = 0.5
+    assert opts.dither == 0.5
+
+    opts.preemph_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.preemph_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.remove_dc_offset = False
+    assert opts.remove_dc_offset is False
+
+    opts.window_type = "hanning"
+    assert opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
+    assert opts.round_to_power_of_two is False
+
+    opts.blackman_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.blackman_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.snip_edges = False
+    assert opts.snip_edges is False
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {"samp_freq": 10, "frame_shift_ms": 2}
+
+    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict(d)
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.samp_freq = 10
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.frame_shift_ms = 2
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.frame_shift_ms = 3
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    opts.samp_freq = 20
+    opts.frame_length_ms = 100
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    for key, value in d.items():
+        assert value == getattr(opts, key)
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["window_type"] = "hanning"
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.window_type == "hanning"
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mel_bank_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mel_bank_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bb2924f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mel_bank_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    assert opts.num_bins == 25
+    assert opts.low_freq == 20
+    assert opts.high_freq == 0
+    assert opts.vtln_low == 100
+    assert opts.vtln_high == -500
+    assert opts.debug_mel is False
+    assert opts.htk_mode is False
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    opts.num_bins = 100
+    assert opts.num_bins == 100
+
+    opts.low_freq = 22
+    assert opts.low_freq == 22
+
+    opts.high_freq = 1
+    assert opts.high_freq == 1
+
+    opts.vtln_low = 101
+    assert opts.vtln_low == 101
+
+    opts.vtln_high = -100
+    assert opts.vtln_high == -100
+
+    opts.debug_mel = True
+    assert opts.debug_mel is True
+
+    opts.htk_mode = True
+    assert opts.htk_mode is True
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {"num_bins": 10, "debug_mel": True}
+
+    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d)
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.num_bins = 10
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.debug_mel = True
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+    opts2.debug_mel = False
+    assert str(opts) != str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    opts.num_bins = 80
+    opts.vtln_high = 2
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    for key, value in d.items():
+        assert value == getattr(opts, key)
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["htk_mode"] = True
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.htk_mode is True
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..310ff93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_mfcc_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+
+import torch
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 16000
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 10.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 25.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 1.0
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff - 0.97) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is True
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "povey"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is True
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff - 0.42) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is True
+
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 23
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 20
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 0
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -500
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is False
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is False
+
+    assert opts.num_ceps == 13
+    assert opts.use_energy is True
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 0
+    assert opts.raw_energy is True
+    assert opts.cepstral_lifter == 22.0
+    assert opts.htk_compat is False
+
+    assert opts.device.type == "cpu"
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+    opts.num_ceps = 22
+    assert opts.num_ceps == 22
+
+    opts.use_energy = False
+    assert opts.use_energy is False
+
+    opts.energy_floor = 1
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 1
+
+    opts.raw_energy = False
+    assert opts.raw_energy is False
+
+    opts.cepstral_lifter = 21
+    assert opts.cepstral_lifter == 21
+
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+
+    opts.device = torch.device("cuda", 1)
+    assert opts.device.type == "cuda"
+    assert opts.device.index == 1
+
+
+def test_set_get_frame_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 44100
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 44100
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 20.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 20.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 1
+
+    opts.frame_opts.dither = 0.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 0.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.window_type = "hanning"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.snip_edges = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is False
+
+
+def test_set_get_mel_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.low_freq = 22
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 22
+
+    opts.mel_opts.high_freq = 1
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 1
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_low = 101
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 101
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_high = -100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.debug_mel = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is True
+
+    opts.mel_opts.htk_mode = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is True
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {
+        "energy_floor": 10.5,
+        "htk_compat": True,
+        "mel_opts": {"num_bins": 80, "vtln_low": 1},
+        "frame_opts": {"window_type": "hanning"},
+        "device": "cuda:2",
+    }
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 10.5
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+    assert opts.device == torch.device("cuda", 2)
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 80
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d["mel_opts"])
+    assert str(opts.mel_opts) == str(mel_opts)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    assert d["htk_compat"] is True
+    assert d["mel_opts"]["num_bins"] == 80
+    assert d["frame_opts"]["samp_freq"] == 10
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    assert d["mel_opts"] == mel_opts.as_dict()
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+    assert d["frame_opts"] == frame_opts.as_dict()
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.MfccOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["htk_compat"] = False
+    d["device"] = torch.device("cuda", 10)
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.MfccOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.htk_compat is False
+    assert opts3.device == torch.device("cuda", 10)
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_set_get_frame_opts()
+    test_set_get_mel_opts()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_options.py
deleted file mode 100755
index e048629..0000000
--- a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_options.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-#
-# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
-
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-cur_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
-kaldi_feat_dir = cur_dir.parent.parent.parent
-
-
-import torch
-
-sys.path.insert(0, f"{kaldi_feat_dir}/build/lib")
-
-import kaldifeat
-
-
-def test_frame_extraction_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
-    opts.samp_freq = 220500
-    opts.frame_shift_ms = 15
-    opts.frame_length_ms = 40
-    opts.dither = 0.1
-    opts.preemph_coeff = 0.98
-    opts.remove_dc_offset = False
-    opts.window_type = "hanning"
-    opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
-    opts.blackman_coeff = 0.422
-    opts.snip_edges = False
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def test_mel_banks_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
-    opts.num_bins = 23
-    opts.low_freq = 21
-    opts.high_freq = 8000
-    opts.vtln_low = 101
-    opts.vtln_high = -501
-    opts.debug_mel = True
-    opts.htk_mode = True
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def test_fbank_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.FbankOptions()
-    frame_opts = opts.frame_opts
-    mel_opts = opts.mel_opts
-
-    opts.energy_floor = 0
-    opts.htk_compat = False
-    opts.raw_energy = True
-    opts.use_energy = False
-    opts.use_log_fbank = True
-    opts.use_power = True
-    opts.device = torch.device("cuda", 0)
-
-    frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.42
-    frame_opts.dither = 1
-    frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 25
-    frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 10
-    frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.97
-    frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = True
-    frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = True
-    frame_opts.samp_freq = 16000
-    frame_opts.snip_edges = True
-    frame_opts.window_type = "povey"
-
-    mel_opts.debug_mel = True
-    mel_opts.high_freq = 0
-    mel_opts.low_freq = 20
-    mel_opts.num_bins = 23
-    mel_opts.vtln_high = -500
-    mel_opts.vtln_low = 100
-
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def test_mfcc_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.MfccOptions()
-    frame_opts = opts.frame_opts
-    mel_opts = opts.mel_opts
-
-    opts.num_ceps = 10
-    opts.use_energy = False
-    opts.energy_floor = 0.0
-    opts.raw_energy = True
-    opts.cepstral_lifter = 22.0
-    opts.htk_compat = False
-    opts.device = torch.device("cpu")
-
-    frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.42
-    frame_opts.dither = 1
-    frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 25
-    frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 10
-    frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.97
-    frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = True
-    frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = True
-    frame_opts.samp_freq = 16000
-    frame_opts.snip_edges = True
-    frame_opts.window_type = "povey"
-
-    mel_opts.debug_mel = True
-    mel_opts.high_freq = 0
-    mel_opts.low_freq = 20
-    mel_opts.num_bins = 23
-    mel_opts.vtln_high = -500
-    mel_opts.vtln_low = 100
-
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def test_spectogram_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
-    opts.energy_floor = 0.0
-    opts.raw_energy = True
-
-    frame_opts = opts.frame_opts
-    frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.42
-    frame_opts.dither = 1
-    frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 25
-    frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 10
-    frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.97
-    frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = True
-    frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = True
-    frame_opts.samp_freq = 16000
-    frame_opts.snip_edges = True
-    frame_opts.window_type = "povey"
-
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def test_plp_options():
-    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
-    opts.lpc_order = 12
-    opts.num_ceps = 13
-    opts.use_energy = True
-    opts.energy_floor = 0.0
-    opts.raw_energy = True
-    opts.compress_factor = 0.33333
-    opts.cepstral_lifter = 22
-    opts.cepstral_scale = 1.0
-    opts.htk_compat = False
-    opts.device = torch.device("cpu")
-
-    frame_opts = opts.frame_opts
-    frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.42
-    frame_opts.dither = 1
-    frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 25
-    frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 10
-    frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.97
-    frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = True
-    frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = True
-    frame_opts.samp_freq = 16000
-    frame_opts.snip_edges = True
-    frame_opts.window_type = "povey"
-
-    mel_opts = opts.mel_opts
-    mel_opts.debug_mel = True
-    mel_opts.high_freq = 0
-    mel_opts.low_freq = 20
-    mel_opts.num_bins = 23
-    mel_opts.vtln_high = -500
-    mel_opts.vtln_low = 100
-
-    print(opts)
-
-
-def main():
-    test_frame_extraction_options()
-    test_mel_banks_options()
-    test_fbank_options()
-    test_mfcc_options()
-    test_spectogram_options()
-    test_plp_options()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..dc87045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_plp_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+
+import torch
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 16000
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 10.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 25.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 1.0
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff - 0.97) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is True
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "povey"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is True
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff - 0.42) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is True
+
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 23
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 20
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 0
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -500
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is False
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is False
+
+    assert opts.lpc_order == 12
+    assert opts.num_ceps == 13
+    assert opts.use_energy is True
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 0.0
+    assert opts.raw_energy is True
+    assert abs(opts.compress_factor - 0.33333) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.cepstral_lifter == 22
+    assert opts.cepstral_scale == 1.0
+    assert opts.htk_compat is False
+    assert opts.device.type == "cpu"
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+
+    opts.lpc_order = 11
+    assert opts.lpc_order == 11
+
+    opts.num_ceps = 1
+    assert opts.num_ceps == 1
+
+    opts.use_energy = False
+    assert opts.use_energy is False
+
+    opts.energy_floor = 1
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 1
+
+    opts.raw_energy = False
+    assert opts.raw_energy is False
+
+    opts.compress_factor = 0.5
+    assert opts.compress_factor == 0.5
+
+    opts.cepstral_lifter = 2
+    assert opts.cepstral_lifter == 2
+
+    opts.cepstral_scale = 3
+    assert opts.cepstral_scale == 3
+
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+
+    opts.device = "cuda:10"
+    assert opts.device == torch.device("cuda", 10)
+
+
+def test_set_get_frame_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 44100
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 44100
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 20.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 20.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 1
+
+    opts.frame_opts.dither = 0.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 0.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.window_type = "hanning"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.snip_edges = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is False
+
+
+def test_set_get_mel_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.low_freq = 22
+    assert opts.mel_opts.low_freq == 22
+
+    opts.mel_opts.high_freq = 1
+    assert opts.mel_opts.high_freq == 1
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_low = 101
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 101
+
+    opts.mel_opts.vtln_high = -100
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_high == -100
+
+    opts.mel_opts.debug_mel = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.debug_mel is True
+
+    opts.mel_opts.htk_mode = True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.htk_mode is True
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {
+        "energy_floor": 10.5,
+        "htk_compat": True,
+        "mel_opts": {"num_bins": 80, "vtln_low": 1},
+        "frame_opts": {"window_type": "hanning"},
+    }
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 10.5
+    assert opts.htk_compat is True
+    assert opts.mel_opts.num_bins == 80
+    assert opts.mel_opts.vtln_low == 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions.from_dict(d["mel_opts"])
+    assert str(opts.mel_opts) == str(mel_opts)
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict(d["frame_opts"])
+    assert str(opts.frame_opts) == str(frame_opts)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.PlpOptions()
+    opts.htk_compat = True
+    opts.mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    assert d["htk_compat"] is True
+    assert d["mel_opts"]["num_bins"] == 80
+    assert d["frame_opts"]["samp_freq"] == 10
+
+    mel_opts = kaldifeat.MelBanksOptions()
+    mel_opts.num_bins = 80
+    assert d["mel_opts"] == mel_opts.as_dict()
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    frame_opts.samp_freq = 10
+    assert d["frame_opts"] == frame_opts.as_dict()
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.PlpOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["htk_compat"] = False
+    d["device"] = torch.device("cuda", 2)
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.PlpOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.htk_compat is False
+    assert opts3.device == torch.device("cuda", 2)
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_set_get_frame_opts()
+    test_set_get_mel_opts()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram_options.py b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram_options.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d830300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kaldifeat/python/tests/test_spectrogram_options.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c)  2021  Xiaomi Corporation (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
+
+
+import torch
+
+import kaldifeat
+
+
+def test_default():
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
+
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 16000
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 10.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 25.0
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 1.0
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff - 0.97) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is True
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "povey"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is True
+    assert abs(opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff - 0.42) < 1e-6
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is True
+
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 0
+    assert opts.raw_energy is True
+    assert opts.device.type == "cpu"
+
+
+def test_set_get():
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
+
+    opts.energy_floor = 1
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 1
+
+    opts.raw_energy = False
+    assert opts.raw_energy is False
+
+    opts.device = torch.device("cuda", 1)
+    assert opts.device.type == "cuda"
+    assert opts.device.index == 1
+
+
+def test_set_get_frame_opts():
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
+
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 44100
+    assert opts.frame_opts.samp_freq == 44100
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms = 20.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_shift_ms == 20.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms = 1
+    assert opts.frame_opts.frame_length_ms == 1
+
+    opts.frame_opts.dither = 0.5
+    assert opts.frame_opts.dither == 0.5
+
+    opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.preemph_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.remove_dc_offset is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.window_type = "hanning"
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.round_to_power_of_two is False
+
+    opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff = 0.25
+    assert opts.frame_opts.blackman_coeff == 0.25
+
+    opts.frame_opts.snip_edges = False
+    assert opts.frame_opts.snip_edges is False
+
+
+def test_from_empty_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions.from_dict({})
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
+
+    assert str(opts) == str(opts2)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_partial():
+    d = {
+        "energy_floor": 10.5,
+        "frame_opts": {"window_type": "hanning"},
+        "device": "cuda:2",
+    }
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts.energy_floor == 10.5
+    assert opts.device == torch.device("cuda", 2)
+    assert opts.frame_opts.window_type == "hanning"
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions.from_dict(d["frame_opts"])
+    assert str(opts.frame_opts) == str(frame_opts)
+
+
+def test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict():
+    opts = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions()
+    opts.frame_opts.samp_freq = 12
+    opts.device = "cuda:3"
+
+    d = opts.as_dict()
+    assert d["frame_opts"]["samp_freq"] == 12
+    assert d["device"] == torch.device("cuda:3")
+
+    frame_opts = kaldifeat.FrameExtractionOptions()
+    frame_opts.samp_freq = 12
+    assert d["frame_opts"] == frame_opts.as_dict()
+
+    opts2 = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert str(opts2) == str(opts)
+
+    d["device"] = torch.device("cuda", 10)
+    opts3 = kaldifeat.SpectrogramOptions.from_dict(d)
+    assert opts3.device == torch.device("cuda", 10)
+
+    opts.device = "cuda:10"
+    assert str(opts3) == str(opts)
+
+
+def main():
+    test_default()
+    test_set_get()
+    test_set_get_frame_opts()
+    test_from_empty_dict()
+    test_from_dict_partial()
+    test_from_dict_full_and_as_dict()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()