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luomingshuang 2022-05-19 14:57:42 +08:00
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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/conformer.py
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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/conformer.py Symbolic link
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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/decoder.py
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# Copyright 2021 Xiaomi Corp. (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
#
# See ../../../../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from scaling import ScaledConv1d, ScaledEmbedding
class Decoder(nn.Module):
"""This class modifies the stateless decoder from the following paper:
RNN-transducer with stateless prediction network
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9054419
It removes the recurrent connection from the decoder, i.e., the prediction
network. Different from the above paper, it adds an extra Conv1d
right after the embedding layer.
TODO: Implement https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.07513.pdf
"""
def __init__(
self,
vocab_size: int,
decoder_dim: int,
blank_id: int,
context_size: int,
):
"""
Args:
vocab_size:
Number of tokens of the modeling unit including blank.
decoder_dim:
Dimension of the input embedding, and of the decoder output.
blank_id:
The ID of the blank symbol.
context_size:
Number of previous words to use to predict the next word.
1 means bigram; 2 means trigram. n means (n+1)-gram.
"""
super().__init__()
self.embedding = ScaledEmbedding(
num_embeddings=vocab_size,
embedding_dim=decoder_dim,
padding_idx=blank_id,
)
self.blank_id = blank_id
assert context_size >= 1, context_size
self.context_size = context_size
self.vocab_size = vocab_size
if context_size > 1:
self.conv = ScaledConv1d(
in_channels=decoder_dim,
out_channels=decoder_dim,
kernel_size=context_size,
padding=0,
groups=decoder_dim,
bias=False,
)
def forward(self, y: torch.Tensor, need_pad: bool = True) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Args:
y:
A 2-D tensor of shape (N, U).
need_pad:
True to left pad the input. Should be True during training.
False to not pad the input. Should be False during inference.
Returns:
Return a tensor of shape (N, U, decoder_dim).
"""
y = y.to(torch.int64)
embedding_out = self.embedding(y)
if self.context_size > 1:
embedding_out = embedding_out.permute(0, 2, 1)
if need_pad is True:
embedding_out = F.pad(
embedding_out, pad=(self.context_size - 1, 0)
)
else:
# During inference time, there is no need to do extra padding
# as we only need one output
assert embedding_out.size(-1) == self.context_size
embedding_out = self.conv(embedding_out)
embedding_out = embedding_out.permute(0, 2, 1)
embedding_out = F.relu(embedding_out)
return embedding_out

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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/decoder.py Symbolic link
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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/joiner.py
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# Copyright 2021 Xiaomi Corp. (authors: Fangjun Kuang)
#
# See ../../../../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from scaling import ScaledLinear
class Joiner(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
encoder_dim: int,
decoder_dim: int,
joiner_dim: int,
vocab_size: int,
):
super().__init__()
self.encoder_proj = ScaledLinear(encoder_dim, joiner_dim)
self.decoder_proj = ScaledLinear(decoder_dim, joiner_dim)
self.output_linear = ScaledLinear(joiner_dim, vocab_size)
def forward(
self,
encoder_out: torch.Tensor,
decoder_out: torch.Tensor,
project_input: bool = True,
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Args:
encoder_out:
Output from the encoder. Its shape is (N, T, s_range, C).
decoder_out:
Output from the decoder. Its shape is (N, T, s_range, C).
project_input:
If true, apply input projections encoder_proj and decoder_proj.
If this is false, it is the user's responsibility to do this
manually.
Returns:
Return a tensor of shape (N, T, s_range, C).
"""
assert encoder_out.ndim == decoder_out.ndim == 4
assert encoder_out.shape[:-1] == decoder_out.shape[:-1]
if project_input:
logit = self.encoder_proj(encoder_out) + self.decoder_proj(
decoder_out
)
else:
logit = encoder_out + decoder_out
logit = self.output_linear(torch.tanh(logit))
return logit

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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/joiner.py Symbolic link
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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/model.py
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# Copyright 2021 Xiaomi Corp. (authors: Fangjun Kuang, Wei Kang)
#
# See ../../../../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import k2
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from encoder_interface import EncoderInterface
from scaling import ScaledLinear
from icefall.utils import add_sos
class Transducer(nn.Module):
"""It implements https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.3711.pdf
"Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks"
"""
def __init__(
self,
encoder: EncoderInterface,
decoder: nn.Module,
joiner: nn.Module,
encoder_dim: int,
decoder_dim: int,
joiner_dim: int,
vocab_size: int,
):
"""
Args:
encoder:
It is the transcription network in the paper. Its accepts
two inputs: `x` of (N, T, encoder_dim) and `x_lens` of shape (N,).
It returns two tensors: `logits` of shape (N, T, encoder_dm) and
`logit_lens` of shape (N,).
decoder:
It is the prediction network in the paper. Its input shape
is (N, U) and its output shape is (N, U, decoder_dim).
It should contain one attribute: `blank_id`.
joiner:
It has two inputs with shapes: (N, T, encoder_dim) and (N, U, decoder_dim).
Its output shape is (N, T, U, vocab_size). Note that its output contains
unnormalized probs, i.e., not processed by log-softmax.
"""
super().__init__()
assert isinstance(encoder, EncoderInterface), type(encoder)
assert hasattr(decoder, "blank_id")
self.encoder = encoder
self.decoder = decoder
self.joiner = joiner
self.simple_am_proj = ScaledLinear(
encoder_dim, vocab_size, initial_speed=0.5
)
self.simple_lm_proj = ScaledLinear(decoder_dim, vocab_size)
def forward(
self,
x: torch.Tensor,
x_lens: torch.Tensor,
y: k2.RaggedTensor,
prune_range: int = 5,
am_scale: float = 0.0,
lm_scale: float = 0.0,
warmup: float = 1.0,
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Args:
x:
A 3-D tensor of shape (N, T, C).
x_lens:
A 1-D tensor of shape (N,). It contains the number of frames in `x`
before padding.
y:
A ragged tensor with 2 axes [utt][label]. It contains labels of each
utterance.
prune_range:
The prune range for rnnt loss, it means how many symbols(context)
we are considering for each frame to compute the loss.
am_scale:
The scale to smooth the loss with am (output of encoder network)
part
lm_scale:
The scale to smooth the loss with lm (output of predictor network)
part
warmup:
A value warmup >= 0 that determines which modules are active, values
warmup > 1 "are fully warmed up" and all modules will be active.
Returns:
Return the transducer loss.
Note:
Regarding am_scale & lm_scale, it will make the loss-function one of
the form:
lm_scale * lm_probs + am_scale * am_probs +
(1-lm_scale-am_scale) * combined_probs
"""
assert x.ndim == 3, x.shape
assert x_lens.ndim == 1, x_lens.shape
assert y.num_axes == 2, y.num_axes
assert x.size(0) == x_lens.size(0) == y.dim0
encoder_out, x_lens = self.encoder(x, x_lens, warmup=warmup)
assert torch.all(x_lens > 0)
# Now for the decoder, i.e., the prediction network
row_splits = y.shape.row_splits(1)
y_lens = row_splits[1:] - row_splits[:-1]
blank_id = self.decoder.blank_id
sos_y = add_sos(y, sos_id=blank_id)
# sos_y_padded: [B, S + 1], start with SOS.
sos_y_padded = sos_y.pad(mode="constant", padding_value=blank_id)
# decoder_out: [B, S + 1, decoder_dim]
decoder_out = self.decoder(sos_y_padded)
# Note: y does not start with SOS
# y_padded : [B, S]
y_padded = y.pad(mode="constant", padding_value=0)
y_padded = y_padded.to(torch.int64)
boundary = torch.zeros(
(x.size(0), 4), dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device
)
boundary[:, 2] = y_lens
boundary[:, 3] = x_lens
lm = self.simple_lm_proj(decoder_out)
am = self.simple_am_proj(encoder_out)
with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(enabled=False):
simple_loss, (px_grad, py_grad) = k2.rnnt_loss_smoothed(
lm=lm.float(),
am=am.float(),
symbols=y_padded,
termination_symbol=blank_id,
lm_only_scale=lm_scale,
am_only_scale=am_scale,
boundary=boundary,
reduction="sum",
return_grad=True,
)
# ranges : [B, T, prune_range]
ranges = k2.get_rnnt_prune_ranges(
px_grad=px_grad,
py_grad=py_grad,
boundary=boundary,
s_range=prune_range,
)
# am_pruned : [B, T, prune_range, encoder_dim]
# lm_pruned : [B, T, prune_range, decoder_dim]
am_pruned, lm_pruned = k2.do_rnnt_pruning(
am=self.joiner.encoder_proj(encoder_out),
lm=self.joiner.decoder_proj(decoder_out),
ranges=ranges,
)
# logits : [B, T, prune_range, vocab_size]
# project_input=False since we applied the decoder's input projections
# prior to do_rnnt_pruning (this is an optimization for speed).
logits = self.joiner(am_pruned, lm_pruned, project_input=False)
with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(enabled=False):
pruned_loss = k2.rnnt_loss_pruned(
logits=logits.float(),
symbols=y_padded,
ranges=ranges,
termination_symbol=blank_id,
boundary=boundary,
reduction="sum",
)
return (simple_loss, pruned_loss)

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egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/optim.py
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# Copyright 2022 Xiaomi Corp. (authors: Daniel Povey)
#
# See ../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
from typing import List, Optional, Union
import torch
from torch.optim import Optimizer
class Eve(Optimizer):
r"""
Implements Eve algorithm. This is a modified version of AdamW with a special
way of setting the weight-decay / shrinkage-factor, which is designed to make the
rms of the parameters approach a particular target_rms (default: 0.1). This is
for use with networks with 'scaled' versions of modules (see scaling.py), which
will be close to invariant to the absolute scale on the parameter matrix.
The original Adam algorithm was proposed in `Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization`_.
The AdamW variant was proposed in `Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization`_.
Eve is unpublished so far.
Arguments:
params (iterable): iterable of parameters to optimize or dicts defining
parameter groups
lr (float, optional): learning rate (default: 1e-3)
betas (Tuple[float, float], optional): coefficients used for computing
running averages of gradient and its square (default: (0.9, 0.999))
eps (float, optional): term added to the denominator to improve
numerical stability (default: 1e-8)
weight_decay (float, optional): weight decay coefficient (default: 3e-4;
this value means that the weight would decay significantly after
about 3k minibatches. Is not multiplied by learning rate, but
is conditional on RMS-value of parameter being > target_rms.
target_rms (float, optional): target root-mean-square value of
parameters, if they fall below this we will stop applying weight decay.
.. _Adam\: A Method for Stochastic Optimization:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980
.. _Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.05101
.. _On the Convergence of Adam and Beyond:
https://openreview.net/forum?id=ryQu7f-RZ
"""
def __init__(
self,
params,
lr=1e-3,
betas=(0.9, 0.98),
eps=1e-8,
weight_decay=1e-3,
target_rms=0.1,
):
if not 0.0 <= lr:
raise ValueError("Invalid learning rate: {}".format(lr))
if not 0.0 <= eps:
raise ValueError("Invalid epsilon value: {}".format(eps))
if not 0.0 <= betas[0] < 1.0:
raise ValueError(
"Invalid beta parameter at index 0: {}".format(betas[0])
)
if not 0.0 <= betas[1] < 1.0:
raise ValueError(
"Invalid beta parameter at index 1: {}".format(betas[1])
)
if not 0 <= weight_decay <= 0.1:
raise ValueError(
"Invalid weight_decay value: {}".format(weight_decay)
)
if not 0 < target_rms <= 10.0:
raise ValueError("Invalid target_rms value: {}".format(target_rms))
defaults = dict(
lr=lr,
betas=betas,
eps=eps,
weight_decay=weight_decay,
target_rms=target_rms,
)
super(Eve, self).__init__(params, defaults)
def __setstate__(self, state):
super(Eve, self).__setstate__(state)
@torch.no_grad()
def step(self, closure=None):
"""Performs a single optimization step.
Arguments:
closure (callable, optional): A closure that reevaluates the model
and returns the loss.
"""
loss = None
if closure is not None:
with torch.enable_grad():
loss = closure()
for group in self.param_groups:
for p in group["params"]:
if p.grad is None:
continue
# Perform optimization step
grad = p.grad
if grad.is_sparse:
raise RuntimeError(
"AdamW does not support sparse gradients"
)
state = self.state[p]
# State initialization
if len(state) == 0:
state["step"] = 0
# Exponential moving average of gradient values
state["exp_avg"] = torch.zeros_like(
p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format
)
# Exponential moving average of squared gradient values
state["exp_avg_sq"] = torch.zeros_like(
p, memory_format=torch.preserve_format
)
exp_avg, exp_avg_sq = state["exp_avg"], state["exp_avg_sq"]
beta1, beta2 = group["betas"]
state["step"] += 1
bias_correction1 = 1 - beta1 ** state["step"]
bias_correction2 = 1 - beta2 ** state["step"]
# Decay the first and second moment running average coefficient
exp_avg.mul_(beta1).add_(grad, alpha=1 - beta1)
exp_avg_sq.mul_(beta2).addcmul_(grad, grad, value=1 - beta2)
denom = (exp_avg_sq.sqrt() * (bias_correction2 ** -0.5)).add_(
group["eps"]
)
step_size = group["lr"] / bias_correction1
target_rms = group["target_rms"]
weight_decay = group["weight_decay"]
if p.numel() > 1:
# avoid applying this weight-decay on "scaling factors"
# (which are scalar).
is_above_target_rms = p.norm() > (
target_rms * (p.numel() ** 0.5)
)
p.mul_(1 - (weight_decay * is_above_target_rms))
p.addcdiv_(exp_avg, denom, value=-step_size)
return loss
class LRScheduler(object):
"""
Base-class for learning rate schedulers where the learning-rate depends on both the
batch and the epoch.
"""
def __init__(self, optimizer: Optimizer, verbose: bool = False):
# Attach optimizer
if not isinstance(optimizer, Optimizer):
raise TypeError(
"{} is not an Optimizer".format(type(optimizer).__name__)
)
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.verbose = verbose
for group in optimizer.param_groups:
group.setdefault("initial_lr", group["lr"])
self.base_lrs = [
group["initial_lr"] for group in optimizer.param_groups
]
self.epoch = 0
self.batch = 0
def state_dict(self):
"""Returns the state of the scheduler as a :class:`dict`.
It contains an entry for every variable in self.__dict__ which
is not the optimizer.
"""
return {
"base_lrs": self.base_lrs,
"epoch": self.epoch,
"batch": self.batch,
}
def load_state_dict(self, state_dict):
"""Loads the schedulers state.
Args:
state_dict (dict): scheduler state. Should be an object returned
from a call to :meth:`state_dict`.
"""
self.__dict__.update(state_dict)
def get_last_lr(self) -> List[float]:
"""Return last computed learning rate by current scheduler. Will be a list of float."""
return self._last_lr
def get_lr(self):
# Compute list of learning rates from self.epoch and self.batch and
# self.base_lrs; this must be overloaded by the user.
# e.g. return [some_formula(self.batch, self.epoch, base_lr) for base_lr in self.base_lrs ]
raise NotImplementedError
def step_batch(self, batch: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
# Step the batch index, or just set it. If `batch` is specified, it
# must be the batch index from the start of training, i.e. summed over
# all epochs.
# You can call this in any order; if you don't provide 'batch', it should
# of course be called once per batch.
if batch is not None:
self.batch = batch
else:
self.batch = self.batch + 1
self._set_lrs()
def step_epoch(self, epoch: Optional[int] = None):
# Step the epoch index, or just set it. If you provide the 'epoch' arg,
# you should call this at the start of the epoch; if you don't provide the 'epoch'
# arg, you should call it at the end of the epoch.
if epoch is not None:
self.epoch = epoch
else:
self.epoch = self.epoch + 1
self._set_lrs()
def _set_lrs(self):
values = self.get_lr()
assert len(values) == len(self.optimizer.param_groups)
for i, data in enumerate(zip(self.optimizer.param_groups, values)):
param_group, lr = data
param_group["lr"] = lr
self.print_lr(self.verbose, i, lr)
self._last_lr = [group["lr"] for group in self.optimizer.param_groups]
def print_lr(self, is_verbose, group, lr):
"""Display the current learning rate."""
if is_verbose:
print(
f"Epoch={self.epoch}, batch={self.batch}: adjusting learning rate"
f" of group {group} to {lr:.4e}."
)
class Eden(LRScheduler):
"""
Eden scheduler.
lr = initial_lr * (((batch**2 + lr_batches**2) / lr_batches**2) ** -0.25 *
(((epoch**2 + lr_epochs**2) / lr_epochs**2) ** -0.25))
E.g. suggest initial-lr = 0.003 (passed to optimizer).
Args:
optimizer: the optimizer to change the learning rates on
lr_batches: the number of batches after which we start significantly
decreasing the learning rate, suggest 5000.
lr_epochs: the number of epochs after which we start significantly
decreasing the learning rate, suggest 6 if you plan to do e.g.
20 to 40 epochs, but may need smaller number if dataset is huge
and you will do few epochs.
"""
def __init__(
self,
optimizer: Optimizer,
lr_batches: Union[int, float],
lr_epochs: Union[int, float],
verbose: bool = False,
):
super(Eden, self).__init__(optimizer, verbose)
self.lr_batches = lr_batches
self.lr_epochs = lr_epochs
def get_lr(self):
factor = (
(self.batch ** 2 + self.lr_batches ** 2) / self.lr_batches ** 2
) ** -0.25 * (
((self.epoch ** 2 + self.lr_epochs ** 2) / self.lr_epochs ** 2)
** -0.25
)
return [x * factor for x in self.base_lrs]
def _test_eden():
m = torch.nn.Linear(100, 100)
optim = Eve(m.parameters(), lr=0.003)
scheduler = Eden(optim, lr_batches=30, lr_epochs=2, verbose=True)
for epoch in range(10):
scheduler.step_epoch(epoch) # sets epoch to `epoch`
for step in range(20):
x = torch.randn(200, 100).detach()
x.requires_grad = True
y = m(x)
dy = torch.randn(200, 100).detach()
f = (y * dy).sum()
f.backward()
optim.step()
scheduler.step_batch()
optim.zero_grad()
print("last lr = ", scheduler.get_last_lr())
print("state dict = ", scheduler.state_dict())
if __name__ == "__main__":
_test_eden()

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# Copyright 2022 Xiaomi Corp. (authors: Daniel Povey)
#
# See ../../../../LICENSE for clarification regarding multiple authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import collections
from itertools import repeat
from typing import Optional, Tuple
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch import Tensor
def _ntuple(n):
def parse(x):
if isinstance(x, collections.Iterable):
return x
return tuple(repeat(x, n))
return parse
_single = _ntuple(1)
_pair = _ntuple(2)
class ActivationBalancerFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(
ctx,
x: Tensor,
channel_dim: int,
min_positive: float, # e.g. 0.05
max_positive: float, # e.g. 0.95
max_factor: float, # e.g. 0.01
min_abs: float, # e.g. 0.2
max_abs: float, # e.g. 100.0
) -> Tensor:
if x.requires_grad:
if channel_dim < 0:
channel_dim += x.ndim
sum_dims = [d for d in range(x.ndim) if d != channel_dim]
xgt0 = x > 0
proportion_positive = torch.mean(
xgt0.to(x.dtype), dim=sum_dims, keepdim=True
)
factor1 = (
(min_positive - proportion_positive).relu()
* (max_factor / min_positive)
if min_positive != 0.0
else 0.0
)
factor2 = (
(proportion_positive - max_positive).relu()
* (max_factor / (max_positive - 1.0))
if max_positive != 1.0
else 0.0
)
factor = factor1 + factor2
if isinstance(factor, float):
factor = torch.zeros_like(proportion_positive)
mean_abs = torch.mean(x.abs(), dim=sum_dims, keepdim=True)
below_threshold = mean_abs < min_abs
above_threshold = mean_abs > max_abs
ctx.save_for_backward(
factor, xgt0, below_threshold, above_threshold
)
ctx.max_factor = max_factor
ctx.sum_dims = sum_dims
return x
@staticmethod
def backward(
ctx, x_grad: Tensor
) -> Tuple[Tensor, None, None, None, None, None, None]:
factor, xgt0, below_threshold, above_threshold = ctx.saved_tensors
dtype = x_grad.dtype
scale_factor = (
(below_threshold.to(dtype) - above_threshold.to(dtype))
* (xgt0.to(dtype) - 0.5)
* (ctx.max_factor * 2.0)
)
neg_delta_grad = x_grad.abs() * (factor + scale_factor)
return x_grad - neg_delta_grad, None, None, None, None, None, None
class BasicNorm(torch.nn.Module):
"""
This is intended to be a simpler, and hopefully cheaper, replacement for
LayerNorm. The observation this is based on, is that Transformer-type
networks, especially with pre-norm, sometimes seem to set one of the
feature dimensions to a large constant value (e.g. 50), which "defeats"
the LayerNorm because the output magnitude is then not strongly dependent
on the other (useful) features. Presumably the weight and bias of the
LayerNorm are required to allow it to do this.
So the idea is to introduce this large constant value as an explicit
parameter, that takes the role of the "eps" in LayerNorm, so the network
doesn't have to do this trick. We make the "eps" learnable.
Args:
num_channels: the number of channels, e.g. 512.
channel_dim: the axis/dimension corresponding to the channel,
interprted as an offset from the input's ndim if negative.
shis is NOT the num_channels; it should typically be one of
{-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
eps: the initial "epsilon" that we add as ballast in:
scale = ((input_vec**2).mean() + epsilon)**-0.5
Note: our epsilon is actually large, but we keep the name
to indicate the connection with conventional LayerNorm.
learn_eps: if true, we learn epsilon; if false, we keep it
at the initial value.
"""
def __init__(
self,
num_channels: int,
channel_dim: int = -1, # CAUTION: see documentation.
eps: float = 0.25,
learn_eps: bool = True,
) -> None:
super(BasicNorm, self).__init__()
self.num_channels = num_channels
self.channel_dim = channel_dim
if learn_eps:
self.eps = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor(eps).log().detach())
else:
self.register_buffer("eps", torch.tensor(eps).log().detach())
def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
assert x.shape[self.channel_dim] == self.num_channels
scales = (
torch.mean(x ** 2, dim=self.channel_dim, keepdim=True)
+ self.eps.exp()
) ** -0.5
return x * scales
class ScaledLinear(nn.Linear):
"""
A modified version of nn.Linear where the parameters are scaled before
use, via:
weight = self.weight * self.weight_scale.exp()
bias = self.bias * self.bias_scale.exp()
Args:
Accepts the standard args and kwargs that nn.Linear accepts
e.g. in_features, out_features, bias=False.
initial_scale: you can override this if you want to increase
or decrease the initial magnitude of the module's output
(affects the initialization of weight_scale and bias_scale).
Another option, if you want to do something like this, is
to re-initialize the parameters.
initial_speed: this affects how fast the parameter will
learn near the start of training; you can set it to a
value less than one if you suspect that a module
is contributing to instability near the start of training.
Nnote: regardless of the use of this option, it's best to
use schedulers like Noam that have a warm-up period.
Alternatively you can set it to more than 1 if you want it to
initially train faster. Must be greater than 0.
"""
def __init__(
self,
*args,
initial_scale: float = 1.0,
initial_speed: float = 1.0,
**kwargs
):
super(ScaledLinear, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
initial_scale = torch.tensor(initial_scale).log()
self.weight_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
if self.bias is not None:
self.bias_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
else:
self.register_parameter("bias_scale", None)
self._reset_parameters(
initial_speed
) # Overrides the reset_parameters in nn.Linear
def _reset_parameters(self, initial_speed: float):
std = 0.1 / initial_speed
a = (3 ** 0.5) * std
nn.init.uniform_(self.weight, -a, a)
if self.bias is not None:
nn.init.constant_(self.bias, 0.0)
fan_in = self.weight.shape[1] * self.weight[0][0].numel()
scale = fan_in ** -0.5 # 1/sqrt(fan_in)
with torch.no_grad():
self.weight_scale += torch.tensor(scale / std).log()
def get_weight(self):
return self.weight * self.weight_scale.exp()
def get_bias(self):
return None if self.bias is None else self.bias * self.bias_scale.exp()
def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor:
return torch.nn.functional.linear(
input, self.get_weight(), self.get_bias()
)
class ScaledConv1d(nn.Conv1d):
# See docs for ScaledLinear
def __init__(
self,
*args,
initial_scale: float = 1.0,
initial_speed: float = 1.0,
**kwargs
):
super(ScaledConv1d, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
initial_scale = torch.tensor(initial_scale).log()
self.weight_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
if self.bias is not None:
self.bias_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
else:
self.register_parameter("bias_scale", None)
self._reset_parameters(
initial_speed
) # Overrides the reset_parameters in base class
def _reset_parameters(self, initial_speed: float):
std = 0.1 / initial_speed
a = (3 ** 0.5) * std
nn.init.uniform_(self.weight, -a, a)
if self.bias is not None:
nn.init.constant_(self.bias, 0.0)
fan_in = self.weight.shape[1] * self.weight[0][0].numel()
scale = fan_in ** -0.5 # 1/sqrt(fan_in)
with torch.no_grad():
self.weight_scale += torch.tensor(scale / std).log()
def get_weight(self):
return self.weight * self.weight_scale.exp()
def get_bias(self):
return None if self.bias is None else self.bias * self.bias_scale.exp()
def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor:
F = torch.nn.functional
if self.padding_mode != "zeros":
return F.conv1d(
F.pad(
input,
self._reversed_padding_repeated_twice,
mode=self.padding_mode,
),
self.get_weight(),
self.get_bias(),
self.stride,
_single(0),
self.dilation,
self.groups,
)
return F.conv1d(
input,
self.get_weight(),
self.get_bias(),
self.stride,
self.padding,
self.dilation,
self.groups,
)
class ScaledConv2d(nn.Conv2d):
# See docs for ScaledLinear
def __init__(
self,
*args,
initial_scale: float = 1.0,
initial_speed: float = 1.0,
**kwargs
):
super(ScaledConv2d, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
initial_scale = torch.tensor(initial_scale).log()
self.weight_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
if self.bias is not None:
self.bias_scale = nn.Parameter(initial_scale.clone().detach())
else:
self.register_parameter("bias_scale", None)
self._reset_parameters(
initial_speed
) # Overrides the reset_parameters in base class
def _reset_parameters(self, initial_speed: float):
std = 0.1 / initial_speed
a = (3 ** 0.5) * std
nn.init.uniform_(self.weight, -a, a)
if self.bias is not None:
nn.init.constant_(self.bias, 0.0)
fan_in = self.weight.shape[1] * self.weight[0][0].numel()
scale = fan_in ** -0.5 # 1/sqrt(fan_in)
with torch.no_grad():
self.weight_scale += torch.tensor(scale / std).log()
def get_weight(self):
return self.weight * self.weight_scale.exp()
def get_bias(self):
return None if self.bias is None else self.bias * self.bias_scale.exp()
def _conv_forward(self, input, weight):
F = torch.nn.functional
if self.padding_mode != "zeros":
return F.conv2d(
F.pad(
input,
self._reversed_padding_repeated_twice,
mode=self.padding_mode,
),
weight,
self.get_bias(),
self.stride,
_pair(0),
self.dilation,
self.groups,
)
return F.conv2d(
input,
weight,
self.get_bias(),
self.stride,
self.padding,
self.dilation,
self.groups,
)
def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor:
return self._conv_forward(input, self.get_weight())
class ActivationBalancer(torch.nn.Module):
"""
Modifies the backpropped derivatives of a function to try to encourage, for
each channel, that it is positive at least a proportion `threshold` of the
time. It does this by multiplying negative derivative values by up to
(1+max_factor), and positive derivative values by up to (1-max_factor),
interpolated from 1 at the threshold to those extremal values when none
of the inputs are positive.
Args:
channel_dim: the dimension/axis corresponding to the channel, e.g.
-1, 0, 1, 2; will be interpreted as an offset from x.ndim if negative.
min_positive: the minimum, per channel, of the proportion of the time
that (x > 0), below which we start to modify the derivatives.
max_positive: the maximum, per channel, of the proportion of the time
that (x > 0), above which we start to modify the derivatives.
max_factor: the maximum factor by which we modify the derivatives for
either the sign constraint or the magnitude constraint;
e.g. with max_factor=0.02, the the derivatives would be multiplied by
values in the range [0.98..1.02].
min_abs: the minimum average-absolute-value per channel, which
we allow, before we start to modify the derivatives to prevent
this.
max_abs: the maximum average-absolute-value per channel, which
we allow, before we start to modify the derivatives to prevent
this.
"""
def __init__(
self,
channel_dim: int,
min_positive: float = 0.05,
max_positive: float = 0.95,
max_factor: float = 0.01,
min_abs: float = 0.2,
max_abs: float = 100.0,
):
super(ActivationBalancer, self).__init__()
self.channel_dim = channel_dim
self.min_positive = min_positive
self.max_positive = max_positive
self.max_factor = max_factor
self.min_abs = min_abs
self.max_abs = max_abs
def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
return ActivationBalancerFunction.apply(
x,
self.channel_dim,
self.min_positive,
self.max_positive,
self.max_factor,
self.min_abs,
self.max_abs,
)
class DoubleSwishFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
"""
double_swish(x) = x * torch.sigmoid(x-1)
This is a definition, originally motivated by its close numerical
similarity to swish(swish(x)), where swish(x) = x * sigmoid(x).
Memory-efficient derivative computation:
double_swish(x) = x * s, where s(x) = torch.sigmoid(x-1)
double_swish'(x) = d/dx double_swish(x) = x * s'(x) + x' * s(x) = x * s'(x) + s(x).
Now, s'(x) = s(x) * (1-s(x)).
double_swish'(x) = x * s'(x) + s(x).
= x * s(x) * (1-s(x)) + s(x).
= double_swish(x) * (1-s(x)) + s(x)
... so we just need to remember s(x) but not x itself.
"""
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
x = x.detach()
s = torch.sigmoid(x - 1.0)
y = x * s
ctx.save_for_backward(s, y)
return y
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, y_grad: Tensor) -> Tensor:
s, y = ctx.saved_tensors
return (y * (1 - s) + s) * y_grad
class DoubleSwish(torch.nn.Module):
def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
"""Return double-swish activation function which is an approximation to Swish(Swish(x)),
that we approximate closely with x * sigmoid(x-1).
"""
return DoubleSwishFunction.apply(x)
class ScaledEmbedding(nn.Module):
r"""This is a modified version of nn.Embedding that introduces a learnable scale
on the parameters. Note: due to how we initialize it, it's best used with
schedulers like Noam that have a warmup period.
It is a simple lookup table that stores embeddings of a fixed dictionary and size.
This module is often used to store word embeddings and retrieve them using indices.
The input to the module is a list of indices, and the output is the corresponding
word embeddings.
Args:
num_embeddings (int): size of the dictionary of embeddings
embedding_dim (int): the size of each embedding vector
padding_idx (int, optional): If given, pads the output with the embedding vector at :attr:`padding_idx`
(initialized to zeros) whenever it encounters the index.
max_norm (float, optional): If given, each embedding vector with norm larger than :attr:`max_norm`
is renormalized to have norm :attr:`max_norm`.
norm_type (float, optional): The p of the p-norm to compute for the :attr:`max_norm` option. Default ``2``.
scale_grad_by_freq (boolean, optional): If given, this will scale gradients by the inverse of frequency of
the words in the mini-batch. Default ``False``.
sparse (bool, optional): If ``True``, gradient w.r.t. :attr:`weight` matrix will be a sparse tensor.
See Notes for more details regarding sparse gradients.
initial_speed (float, optional): This affects how fast the parameter will
learn near the start of training; you can set it to a value less than
one if you suspect that a module is contributing to instability near
the start of training. Nnote: regardless of the use of this option,
it's best to use schedulers like Noam that have a warm-up period.
Alternatively you can set it to more than 1 if you want it to
initially train faster. Must be greater than 0.
Attributes:
weight (Tensor): the learnable weights of the module of shape (num_embeddings, embedding_dim)
initialized from :math:`\mathcal{N}(0, 1)`
Shape:
- Input: :math:`(*)`, LongTensor of arbitrary shape containing the indices to extract
- Output: :math:`(*, H)`, where `*` is the input shape and :math:`H=\text{embedding\_dim}`
.. note::
Keep in mind that only a limited number of optimizers support
sparse gradients: currently it's :class:`optim.SGD` (`CUDA` and `CPU`),
:class:`optim.SparseAdam` (`CUDA` and `CPU`) and :class:`optim.Adagrad` (`CPU`)
.. note::
With :attr:`padding_idx` set, the embedding vector at
:attr:`padding_idx` is initialized to all zeros. However, note that this
vector can be modified afterwards, e.g., using a customized
initialization method, and thus changing the vector used to pad the
output. The gradient for this vector from :class:`~torch.nn.Embedding`
is always zero.
Examples::
>>> # an Embedding module containing 10 tensors of size 3
>>> embedding = nn.Embedding(10, 3)
>>> # a batch of 2 samples of 4 indices each
>>> input = torch.LongTensor([[1,2,4,5],[4,3,2,9]])
>>> embedding(input)
tensor([[[-0.0251, -1.6902, 0.7172],
[-0.6431, 0.0748, 0.6969],
[ 1.4970, 1.3448, -0.9685],
[-0.3677, -2.7265, -0.1685]],
[[ 1.4970, 1.3448, -0.9685],
[ 0.4362, -0.4004, 0.9400],
[-0.6431, 0.0748, 0.6969],
[ 0.9124, -2.3616, 1.1151]]])
>>> # example with padding_idx
>>> embedding = nn.Embedding(10, 3, padding_idx=0)
>>> input = torch.LongTensor([[0,2,0,5]])
>>> embedding(input)
tensor([[[ 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000],
[ 0.1535, -2.0309, 0.9315],
[ 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000],
[-0.1655, 0.9897, 0.0635]]])
"""
__constants__ = [
"num_embeddings",
"embedding_dim",
"padding_idx",
"scale_grad_by_freq",
"sparse",
]
num_embeddings: int
embedding_dim: int
padding_idx: int
scale_grad_by_freq: bool
weight: Tensor
sparse: bool
def __init__(
self,
num_embeddings: int,
embedding_dim: int,
padding_idx: Optional[int] = None,
scale_grad_by_freq: bool = False,
sparse: bool = False,
initial_speed: float = 1.0,
) -> None:
super(ScaledEmbedding, self).__init__()
self.num_embeddings = num_embeddings
self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
if padding_idx is not None:
if padding_idx > 0:
assert (
padding_idx < self.num_embeddings
), "Padding_idx must be within num_embeddings"
elif padding_idx < 0:
assert (
padding_idx >= -self.num_embeddings
), "Padding_idx must be within num_embeddings"
padding_idx = self.num_embeddings + padding_idx
self.padding_idx = padding_idx
self.scale_grad_by_freq = scale_grad_by_freq
self.scale = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(())) # see reset_parameters()
self.sparse = sparse
self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor(num_embeddings, embedding_dim))
self.reset_parameters(initial_speed)
def reset_parameters(self, initial_speed: float = 1.0) -> None:
std = 0.1 / initial_speed
nn.init.normal_(self.weight, std=std)
nn.init.constant_(self.scale, torch.tensor(1.0 / std).log())
if self.padding_idx is not None:
with torch.no_grad():
self.weight[self.padding_idx].fill_(0)
def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor:
F = torch.nn.functional
scale = self.scale.exp()
if input.numel() < self.num_embeddings:
return (
F.embedding(
input,
self.weight,
self.padding_idx,
None,
2.0, # None, 2.0 relate to normalization
self.scale_grad_by_freq,
self.sparse,
)
* scale
)
else:
return F.embedding(
input,
self.weight * scale,
self.padding_idx,
None,
2.0, # None, 2.0 relates to normalization
self.scale_grad_by_freq,
self.sparse,
)
def extra_repr(self) -> str:
s = "{num_embeddings}, {embedding_dim}, scale={scale}"
if self.padding_idx is not None:
s += ", padding_idx={padding_idx}"
if self.scale_grad_by_freq is not False:
s += ", scale_grad_by_freq={scale_grad_by_freq}"
if self.sparse is not False:
s += ", sparse=True"
return s.format(**self.__dict__)
def _test_activation_balancer_sign():
probs = torch.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
N = 1000
x = 1.0 * (torch.rand(probs.numel(), N) < probs.unsqueeze(-1))
x = x.detach()
x.requires_grad = True
m = ActivationBalancer(
channel_dim=0,
min_positive=0.05,
max_positive=0.95,
max_factor=0.2,
min_abs=0.0,
)
y_grad = torch.sign(torch.randn(probs.numel(), N))
y = m(x)
y.backward(gradient=y_grad)
print("_test_activation_balancer_sign: x = ", x)
print("_test_activation_balancer_sign: y grad = ", y_grad)
print("_test_activation_balancer_sign: x grad = ", x.grad)
def _test_activation_balancer_magnitude():
magnitudes = torch.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
N = 1000
x = torch.sign(torch.randn(magnitudes.numel(), N)) * magnitudes.unsqueeze(
-1
)
x = x.detach()
x.requires_grad = True
m = ActivationBalancer(
channel_dim=0,
min_positive=0.0,
max_positive=1.0,
max_factor=0.2,
min_abs=0.2,
max_abs=0.8,
)
y_grad = torch.sign(torch.randn(magnitudes.numel(), N))
y = m(x)
y.backward(gradient=y_grad)
print("_test_activation_balancer_magnitude: x = ", x)
print("_test_activation_balancer_magnitude: y grad = ", y_grad)
print("_test_activation_balancer_magnitude: x grad = ", x.grad)
def _test_basic_norm():
num_channels = 128
m = BasicNorm(num_channels=num_channels, channel_dim=1)
x = torch.randn(500, num_channels)
y = m(x)
assert y.shape == x.shape
x_rms = (x ** 2).mean().sqrt()
y_rms = (y ** 2).mean().sqrt()
print("x rms = ", x_rms)
print("y rms = ", y_rms)
assert y_rms < x_rms
assert y_rms > 0.5 * x_rms
def _test_double_swish_deriv():
x = torch.randn(10, 12, dtype=torch.double) * 0.5
x.requires_grad = True
m = DoubleSwish()
torch.autograd.gradcheck(m, x)
if __name__ == "__main__":
_test_activation_balancer_sign()
_test_activation_balancer_magnitude()
_test_basic_norm()
_test_double_swish_deriv()

1
egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/scaling.py Symbolic link
View File

@ -0,0 +1 @@
../../../librispeech/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/scaling.py

22
egs/aidatatang_200zh/ASR/pruned_transducer_stateless2/train.py
View File

@ -19,28 +19,28 @@
"""
Usage:
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="7"
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="0,1"
./pruned_transducer_stateless2/train.py \
--lang-dir data/lang_char \
--exp-dir pruned_transducer_stateless2/exp \
--world-size 1 \
--world-size 2 \
--num-epochs 30 \
--start-epoch 0 \
--max-duration 300 \
--exp-dir pruned_transducer_stateless2/exp \
--lang-dir data/lang_char \
--max-duration 250 \
--save-every-n 1000
# For mix precision training:
./pruned_transducer_stateless2/train.py \
--lang-dir data/lang_char \
--exp-dir pruned_transducer_stateless2/exp \
--world-size 1 \
--world-size 2 \
--num-epochs 30 \
--start-epoch 0 \
--max-duration 300 \
--save-every-n 1000 \
--use-fp16 True \
--exp-dir pruned_transducer_stateless2/exp \
--lang-dir data/lang_char \
--max-duration 250 \
--save-every-n 1000
--use-fp16 True
"""